Catecholamines: synthesis.

 A catecholamine is a monoaniline neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol and a side-chain amine. Catecholamines are a combined form of the,
1. Dopamine

2. Nor-epinephrine

3. Epinephrine

The Adrenal medulla of the adrenal gland contains chromaffin cells which produce and secrete, upon stimulation, catecholamines; epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The amount of dopamine secreted by the medulla is relatively small in comparison to the total body dopamine. It is used, however, as a precursor for the production of norepinephrine and eventually epinephrine.

Synthesis:
                 Amino acid tyrosine is the major source for the production of the catecholamines. The tyrosine is not an essential amino acid, it can be prepared from the amino acid phenylalanine. Phenylalanine converts to tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. (phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme level decreases then the person can suffer from phenyl keto urea). Thus formed tyrosine is transformed into Dopa by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. The tyrosine hydroxylase is present in a limited amount so, this enzyme is also called rate-limiting enzyme. Dopa again transformed into Dopamine by the enzyme dopa decarboxylase. The one constituent of catecholamines is prepared from dopamine to noCatecholamines biosynthesis.svg


                       

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